Overview of Hand Arthritis
Hand arthritis is a common condition that affects the joints, leading to symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. It can significantly impact a person’s ability to perform daily activities, thereby affecting their quality of life.
While arthritis can manifest in various forms, these are the main types that commonly affect the hands:
Osteoarthritis (OA): OA, the most common type, occurs when the cartilage, which cushions the ends of the bones, deteriorates over time. It causes symptoms such as joint pain, swelling and stiffness.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): This autoimmune condition arises when the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, a tough membrane that encloses the entire joint. Symptoms include joint pain, stiffness, swelling and weakened hand muscles.
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA): Psoriatic arthritis affects some people with psoriasis, characterised by red patches of skin with silvery scales. It can cause joint pain and stiffness but also involves a unique set of symptoms, including nail changes and extensive skin involvement.
Despite the differences in their origins, all types of arthritis share common symptoms like joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and a decreased range of motion. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in managing these symptoms and preventing further joint damage.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
Medications
Medications are a fundamental approach to managing pain and inflammation associated with hand arthritis. The specific type of medication recommended can vary depending on the form of arthritis:
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs are available both over-the-counter (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen) and by prescription, and they help to reduce pain and inflammation.
Corticosteroids: These prescription medications can be taken orally or injected directly into the joint to reduce inflammation and pain.
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs): Specifically used for rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, DMARDs can slow the progression of the disease.
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy can benefit people with hand arthritis, focusing on exercises that strengthen the muscles around the joints, increase the range of motion, and reduce pain.
Splinting
A splint can provide joint support, reduce pain, and prevent further damage. It helps immobilise the affected joint, allowing it to rest and reduce inflammation.
Activity Modification
Adjusting how tasks are performed to reduce stress on affected joints can help maintain hand function and reduce pain. This includes using adaptive devices for everyday tasks, learning new ways to grip or handle objects, and avoiding activities exacerbating symptoms.
Heat and Cold Therapy
Heat Therapy: Heat can relax muscles, increase circulation, and relieve joint stiffness. Methods include warm baths, heating pads, or warm compresses.
Cold Therapy: Cold therapy can reduce swelling and numb the painful area. Techniques involve using ice packs and cold compresses for short periods.
Surgical Treatment Options
For people with hand arthritis who do not respond to non-surgical treatments or in cases where the disease has progressed significantly, surgical options may be considered.
Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis)
Joint fusion is a procedure where the joint bones are fused, eliminating the joint space. This process stabilises and aligns the joint, which can significantly reduce pain.
However, it also means that the joint will no longer have flexibility. Arthrodesis is often considered for patients with advanced arthritis where other treatments have failed.
Joint Replacement (Arthroplasty)
Joint replacement involves removing the damaged parts of the affected joints and replacing them with artificial components, known as a prosthesis. This procedure is commonly performed on the wrist and finger joints.
It can relieve pain and improve or maintain joint function and appearance. The materials used for the prostheses are designed to mimic the movement of a typical, healthy joint.
Tendon Transfer
Tendon transfer surgery is performed to improve the function of the hand by rerouting tendons from one muscle to another. This is particularly beneficial for people whose arthritis has led to significant muscle imbalance or weakness, affecting their ability to grasp or perform other hand functions.
By transferring a tendon, surgeons can restore more normal function to the hand, helping patients regain a significant degree of usability and strength.
Surgical interventions require careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks, as well as the recovery time and rehabilitation needed. A thorough discussion with a medical specialist is essential to determine each person’s most appropriate treatment strategy.
Conclusion
Hand arthritis is a condition that can significantly impact a person’s daily life, making simple tasks challenging and often painful. With both non-surgical and surgical treatment options available, many people can find relief from their symptoms.
It is important for anyone experiencing symptoms of hand arthritis to seek professional medical advice. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a substantial difference in managing the condition and preventing further joint damage.
